10 GAY PEOPLE'S CHRONICLE August 4, 2000
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Three 20th century authors
are not well known as gay
by Anthony Glassman
Almost everyone in the gay community knows about gay authors. Whether it's classics like Edmund White and Felice Picano, Radclyffe Hall and Gertrude Stein, or newer writers like Pat Califia and David Sedaris, we are proud of our gay writers, almost to a fault.
The problem is, not every major gay writer is known primarily for being gay. There are some very noteworthy authors who, while very candid in their writing about their sexual orientation, are categorized more commonly in other ways. Some are known as African American authors; some are Beat generation writers; one is even the father of contemporary Japanese fiction.
The names are well-known. James Baldwin. William S. Burroughs. Yukio Mishima. Well, in the words of Meatloaf, two out of three ain't bad.
James Baldwin (1924-1987) was born in the Harlem Renaissance of the twenties, spent his youth as a preacher in a Pentecostal church. As he grew older, he began to write essays on the black experience in America.
In 1948, he went to Paris, the home of a celebrated community of American expatriates, where he started writing some of his most well-known.
Giovanni's Room dealt quite explicitly with homosexuality, a freedom given to Baldwin by his residence in the relatively uninhibited post-war France. McCarthyism and the Red Menace may have been running rampant in the U.S., but the artistic community in Western Europe had removed themselves from that, and Baldwin made the most of it.
Baldwin would return to the States, spending much of the sixties and seventies here, becoming civil rights activist and, through his writing, the voice of the angry young African American. He spent his declining years back in France, frequently returning here to hold academic appoint-
ments.
William S. Burroughs (1914-1997) was one of the shining stars of the 1950s Beat Generation of writers and poets and, like fellow Beatnik Allen Ginsberg, was openly gay.
Burroughs was born into money as the heir to the Burroughs business machine empire; he went to Harvard. He did not exactly fulfill his parents' expectations, however, in his occasional work as an exterminator and private investigator.
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He moved to Paris and Tangiers, where he fed his two addictions, young men and heroin, although, as he says in his books Junkie and its sequel Queer, not at the same time. The heroin had a detrimental effect on his sex drive: he had none as long as he was on smack.
He was known for his stream-of-consciousness writing, slipping from concrete narrative into phantasmagoric hallucinatory sequences, his work blending gayness, science fiction, and the dark underbelly of society made famous in film-noir gumshoe movies.
In his later years, he made a cameo appearance in Gus Van Sant's Drugstore Cowboy, and recorded an album with the rock group R.E.M.
The third author here is the leastknown, at least in the United States. His story is, however, one of the most interesting.
Hiraoka Kimitake, better known by his pen name Yukio Mishima, revolutionized Japanese literature. He lived from 1925 until 1970, and died by hara-kiri, the traditional form of Japanese suicide, trying to re-ignite a spirit of nationalism in Japan. He felt that his people had strayed too far from their samurai forefathers, and had become a broken people after the American post-war occupation.
Oh. And he was gay. Very. Many biographies will mention that he and a young follower killed themselves following an attempt to take over a national defense force installation. Few of the bios mention that the young follower was Mishima's lover.
Mishima's works, from his first major piece Confessions of a Mask, often deal either directly with homosexuality and the attempt to hide it in a repressive society like Japan's, where to this day being gay is somewhere lower on the social spectrum that having leprosy.
Later in his life, he started studying bushido, the ancient code of honor that bound the samurai. He started the Shield Society, a group dedicated to bushido's revival, and with them staged a token attempt at taking over a defense base, similar to a small National Guard base in the U.S. At the end of the "coup," he and his lover sacrificed themselves to revive Japan's pre-war nationalist ideals.
Three men, three lives. All three of them were gay, but aren't known as gay authors, even though they never shied away from their sexual identities.
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